The Causes and Effects of Alcoholism free essay sample

Alcohol dependence is when a person has an addiction to alcohol and cannot control how much they drink. The person simply cannot just have one drink of alcohol without feeling the need to become intoxicated. The highest prevalence of alcohol dependence and abuse is among ages 18-24. Over 80 percent of college presidents in the U. S. identify alcohol abuse as the biggest problem on campus (nd. edu et al, 2003). College students are in the ideal environment to develop a drinking disorder. Students are away from their families and are caring for themselves for often the first time in their lives. With the increase in responsibility in their lives students can find themselves stressed and confused. These factors only lead to students drinking amongst other students in efforts to fit in or as an escape from their studies or other social problems. However, drinking too much and regularly only leads to even more social and physical problems in the future and possibly for the rest of their lives. We will write a custom essay sample on The Causes and Effects of Alcoholism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Alcoholism is something that should not just be seen as a socially devastating disease. The life of a person with alcoholism is controlled by their alcohol addiction. The many short term effects of alcohol are minor compared to the long term health concerns from excessively abusing alcohol. Public health organizations are utilizing new methods of prevention and research to combat the further rise in this disease. Demographics Though there are risk factors for developing alcoholism there is no definite cause of the disease. A history of alcoholism in a person’s family definitely increases their risks of developing the disorder. This theory has been validated throughout the years utilizing twins in adoption cases growing up in different families. Current research concludes that certain genes may increase the risk of alcoholism, but the identity and function of which genes are still unknown (NCBI et al, 2011). Ethnic and religious background can also play a role in the development of alcoholism, in relation to the cultures lifestyles and acceptance of alcohol. Cultural, religious values and expectations towards alcohol vary and can either promote or disapprove drinking. Members of different ethnic and cultural groups generally show preferences for different types of alcoholic beverages, which can affect their access and alcohol exposure. Other factors such as a race’s reaction to alcohol can affect the prevalence of drinking. For example, blacks are 3 times more likely to develop an alcohol related disease than white (NIAA et al, 2005). The SAMHSA National Household Survey on Drug Abuse reported that 3. 5% of people in their entire sample could be classified as alcohol dependent. Caucasian and black surveyors had a similar rate of 3. 4 percent of alcohol dependence (NIAA et al, 2005). Alcoholism rates for Native American and Hispanic-Mexican Americans are higher compared to other ethnicities at 5. percent (NIAA et al, 2005). It was found that these groups tend to start drinking at an earlier age and drank more heavily compared to other ethnic groups in the United States. The rates of alcohol dependence were lower among other groups, Caribbean, 1. 9%, Central American, 2. 8%, Cuban, 0. 9%, Puerto Rican, 3. 0% and South American, 2. 1% and Asian/Pacific Islander, 1. 8% (NIAA et al, 2005). The survey also reporte d that Asian Americans had higher rates of abstention and lower rates of heavy alcohol consumption compared to Whites, African Americans, and Hispanics. Diversity in drinking patterns is very distinguished between subgroups of the same racial or ethnic group. Mexican Americans born in the U. S. report drinking more often, but consuming less alcohol, and have three times higher rates of alcohol dependence (NIAA et al, 2005). This emphasizes that the lifestyle and genetics of a person play a greater role in alcoholism then race or culture. This is also relevant when looking at gender discrepancies. Women and men have the same chances of becoming alcoholics. However, women have a much stronger reaction to the effects of alcohol; therefore there are many more cases of alcoholism in men though there is no research to support gender susceptibility (NIAA et al, 2005). Women’s stronger reaction to alcohol also means that women are more susceptible to alcohol related illnesses after fewer years of heavy drinking. While research has provided many factors that increase the risk of alcoholism the highest risk factor for developing a drinking problem is a person’s lifestyle. This is why college students with their young, eager, and immature demographic are ideal for the development of alcoholism. Effects of Alcoholism on the Brain Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant and unlike other drugs alcohol does not activate a specific receptor in the brain. This attributes to the wide range of side effects of intoxication. Some of the side effects from drinking heavily include slurred speech, loss of inhibitions, slowed reaction times, loss of balance and memory loss. Cleary alcohol affects the brain negatively when causing these reactions. A definite sign that someone had consumed far too much alcohol is a â€Å"black out†. This is when a person has no recollection of events while they were intoxicated. A survey of 772 college undergraduates found that 51 percent of the students reported to having a blackout multiple times in their lives’ (nd. edu et al, 2003). What they do not recall is the altered state that their brains were in at the time. An estimated one-third to one-half of all unintentional and intentional injured Americans in accidents, crimes, and suicides were intoxicated (BSCS et al, 2003). Alcohol’s affect on the outer layer of the frontal cortex region of the brain interferes with the conscious thought process (BSCS et al, 2003). This contributes to the loss of inhibitions and sometimes careless behavior when someone is intoxicated. However, research has shown that these short term effects of alcohol abuse can be immensely more severe than just a hangover. People who drink heavily and regularly greatly increase their risk of developing changes in the brain. Up to 80 percent of alcoholics have thiamine deficiency (BSCS et al, 2003). This is a common occurrence in alcoholics and results from poor overall nutrition. This can eventually develop into serious brain disorders such as Wernicke or Korsakoff syndrome. Korsakoff’s psychosis is a chronic and debilitating syndrome, resulting in persistent learning and memory problems (BSCS et al, 2003). There are also cases where people have had difficulty walking and with hand eye coordination. People with Wernicke’s encephalopathy have mental confusion, paralysis of the nerves that move the eyes and difficulty with muscle coordination (BSCS et al, 2003). Drinking during pregnancy can lead to a range of physical, learning, and behavioral effects in the developing brain of the fetus (BSCS et al, 2003). This is known as fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). FAS infant’s brains may have less volume and fewer brain cells as well as being smaller than average. Therefore, drinking during pregnancy ensures the child a high risk of developing serious health problems early on in their lives. Effects of Alcoholism on the Body The dangers of alcohol are commonly associated with the altered states of mind people can find themselves in; while the negative physical reactions to alcohol can be much more severe. Alcohol offers very little nutritional value and is high calories. The body treats alcohol as fat, converting alcohol sugars into fatty acids (BSCS et al, 2003). This results in a lack of energy and endurance. When alcohol is consumed 20% is absorbed by the stomach and 80% by the small intestine. When alcohol enters the blood stream it can affect nearly every tissue in the body. This is because cell membranes are highly permeable to alcohol (BSCS et al, 2003). This absorption can be affected by the amount of food or liquid in a person’s stomach. Other factors such as how quickly the alcohol is consumed or how much a person weighs also affect absorption which leads to intoxication. Women absorb alcohol faster due to their metabolism. The absorption of alcohol is referred to as the BAC, blood alcohol content. (Graph pg. 10) When our society thinks of alcohol related deaths alcohol poisoning is first to come to mind. Not only can a person die from drinking too much alcohol at one sitting but research has shown that consuming alcohol can result in vast amount of different alcohol related disease. One study determined that 3. 6% of all cancer cases worldwide are related to alcohol drinking, resulting in 3. 5% of all cancer death (NASAIC, 2011). Research has also concluded that drinking alcohol heavily can damage brain tissue, heart, liver and reproductive organs. Problem drinking can also cause pancreatitis, nutritional deficiencies, malignancies, and cirrhosis (NASAIC, 2011). The liver is the most vulnerable organ to alcohol abuse because it breaks down the alcohol into harmless by products and years of this can destroy the liver. Therefore, the negative effects on the body substantially outweigh the possible positive social aspects from drinking. Factors causing the problem In our society drinking alcohol has become widely accepted and is associated with a celebratory or ceremonial atmosphere. This is a key component in the current increase in alcoholism. With the current acceptance, stigmas and speculations about alcohol in our country people are unaware of the severity of the drug. The increase in alcoholism is due to the fact that a majority of people in our nation drinks alcohol rather than profane. The public receives their information about alcohol through family, peers, media, and personal experimentation. The information people and especially college students or children living in homes with alcoholism are receiving often glamorizes alcohol. Therefore, the public knows very little about effects of alcohol and the consequential harm they can inflict on themselves and others. Other factors such as the quantity and frequency a person tends to drink plays a role in the chances of developing a drinking disorder. People with addictive personalities, depression and other social disorders are also at a very high risk of becoming alcoholics (NASAIC, 2011). These people with stressful lifestyles, depression or anxiety problems often use alcohol as a release. Drinking â€Å"numbs† their pain and is an escape from their social issues. A striking 20% of all suicide victims in the United States had a form of alcoholism prior to their suicide attempt (NCBI et al, 2011). Adolescents that live in a culture where alcohol use is common are often pressured by their peers to partake. All of these risk factors are directly correlated to scenarios most college students find themselves in. In result, this age group is at the greatest risk of developing a drinking disorder. College students are at an impressionable age and are looking to meet and befriend new people. They are peer pressured into going out with their riends to restaurants, bars and clubs. With easy access to alcohol they are often drinking more frequently than any other time in their lives. Research has shown that immaturity of neurotransmitter system and hormonal changes during puberty lead to more pleasure in drinking alcohol (NASAIC, 2011). This means that developing brains introduced to alcohol may trigger long term biological changes developing into an alc ohol addiction. The overall public neglect and unawareness of the severity of alcoholism only leads to increasing rates of alcoholism in our society. Providing the public with a better understanding of the ease in developing this disorder is an immediate necessity in our nation. Public Health Response In most cases a person suffering due to alcoholism does not accept that they have a problem. This makes it very difficult or sometimes impossible to cure. The support from loved ones and friends is essential to help find the person a form of treatment that suits them. Alcoholism is treated with counseling and support groups like any social disorder. There is very large number of national and local help services for people looking for help dealing with their addictions. Impatient treatment centers are closed communities where patients are able to live focused on controlling their addiction. Alcoholism is common to most drug addictions, whereas after being dependent on the drug sobriety triggers withdrawal symptoms and often results in relapses. In these cases having the close support of an impatient rehab center is the most effective. Tragically most alcoholics do not have the chance of obtaining impatient sobriety because of lack of money. Outpatient programs are less expensive and are an effective method of treating an addiction. SMART, LifeRing, and  Alcoholics Anonymous are all support groups that attempt to resolve the behavioral effects that led the person to become an alcoholic (NCBI et al, 2011). Participants meet in groups or class a number of times a week and share their own personal alcoholism experiences. As a whole group working towards a sober lifestyle the patients have the counselor or the other participant to turn to when they need help dealing with a possible relapse. In most cases a person will never completely resolve their alcohol addiction. Refraining from drinking entirely after achieving sobriety is recommended to limit the chances of relapsing. Alcoholics struggling with staying sober can be prescribed medications. Acamprosate and Naltrexone are some drugs that have been shown to lower relapse rates in those who are alcohol dependent by reducing cravings and withdrawal symptoms (NASAIC, 2011). Prevention methods are currently being utilized to give people a better understanding of the risks and affects of alcohol. Programs such as D. A. R. E and other anti drug and alcohol programs are used to build awareness. Colleges have recognized the vulnerability of college students and have increased student awareness substantially over the past years. Online alcohol education programs are now mandatory for college freshmen to complete prior to admission to most universities. Though these classes are sometimes tedious and time consuming there is no doubt that they give adolescents a better awareness of alcoholisms social and physical effects. Other forms of prevention include warnings on alcoholic packaging and labels. These inform drinkers the percentage of alcohol in the drink and pregnancy warnings are always evident (NASAIC, 2011). Health organizations are working together to help find out more on the treatment and prevention of alcoholism to combat the prevalence of the disease in the future. Conclusion Alcoholism is not a disorder that only affects the one suffering from the disease. An addiction to alcohol controls the life of the patient, as well as their families. 56 million of Americans say that alcohol abuse has brought trouble to his or her family (NCBI et al, 2011). Getting a person to recognize the harm they are causing to themselves and others from their drinking is the first step of resolving the problem. The immense amount of organizations and support groups in America today provides people the best possible treatment. Studies continue to discover new illnesses that are in result of alcohol abuse. There is still no definite cause of the disease yet the factors attributing to developing alcoholism are definite. With a better understanding of the disease and a raised public awareness alcoholism is something that can be preventable for future generation. The chances of developing an alcohol addiction are higher than ever; which only leads to a new age of alcohol related diseases if the neglect of the negative effects of alcohol continues.

Learn About Sunspots, the Suns Cool, Dark Regions

Learn About Sunspots, the Sun's Cool, Dark Regions When you look at the Sun  you see a bright object in the sky. Because its not safe to look directly at the Sun without good eye protection, its difficult to study our star.  However, astronomers use special telescopes and spacecraft to learn more about the Sun and its continual activity. We know today that the Sun is a multi-layered object with a nuclear fusion furnace at its core. Its surface,  called the photosphere, appears smooth and perfect to most observers. However, a closer look at the surface reveals an active place unlike anything we experience on Earth. One of the key, defining features of the surface is the occasional presence of sunspots. What are Sunspots? Beneath the Suns photosphere lies a complex mess of plasma currents, magnetic fields and thermal channels. Over time, the rotation of the Sun causes the magnetic fields to become twisted, which interrupts the flow of thermal energy to and from the surface.  The twisted magnetic field can sometimes pierce through the surface, creating an arc of plasma, called a prominence, or a solar flare. Any place on the Sun where the magnetic fields emerge has less heat flowing to the surface. That creates a  relatively cool spot (roughly 4,500 kelvin instead of the hotter 6,000 kelvin) on the photosphere.  This cool spot appears dark compared to the surrounding inferno that is the Suns surface. Such black dots of cooler regions are what we call sunspots. How Often Do Sunspots Occur? The appearance of sunspots is entirely due to the war between the twisting magnetic fields and plasma currents beneath the photosphere. So,  the regularity of sunspots depends on how twisted the magnetic field has become (which is also tied to how quickly or slowly the plasma currents are moving). While the exact specifics are still being investigated, it seems that these subsurface interactions have a historical trend.The Sun appears to go through a solar cycle about every 11 years or so. (Its actually more like 22 years, as each 11-year cycle causes the magnetic poles of the Sun to flip, so it takes two cycles to get things back to the way they  were.) As part of this cycle,  the field becomes more twisted, leading to more sunspots. Eventually these twisted magnetic fields get so tied up and generate so much heat that the field eventually snaps, like a twisted rubber band. That unleashes a huge amount of energy in a solar flare. Sometimes, theres an outburst of plasma from the Sun, which is called a coronal mass ejection. These dont happen all the time on the Sun, although they are frequent. They increase in frequency every 11 years, and the peak activity is called solar maximum. Nanoflares and Sunspots Recently solar physicists (the scientists who study the Sun), found that there are many very tiny flares erupting as part of solar activity. They dubbed these nanoflares, and they happen all the time. Their heat is what is essentially responsible for the very high temperatures in the solar corona (the outer atmosphere of the Sun).   Once the magnetic field is unraveled, the activity drops again, leading to solar minimum. There have also been periods in history where solar activity has dropped for an extended period of time, effectively staying to solar minimum for years or decades at a time. A 70-year span from 1645 to 1715, known as the Maunder minimum, is one such example. It is thought to be correlated with a drop in average temperature experienced across Europe. This has come to be known as the little ice age. Solar observers have noticed another slowdown of activity during the most recent solar cycle, which raises questions about these variations in the Suns long-term behavior.   Sunspots and Space Weather Solar activity such as flares and coronal mass ejections send huge clouds of ionized plasma (superheated gases) out to space. When these magnetized clouds reach the magnetic field of a planet, they slam into that worlds upper atmosphere and cause disturbances. This is called space weather. On Earth, we see the effects of space weather in the auroral borealis and aurora australis (northern and southern lights). This activity has other effects: on our weather, our power grids, communication grids,and other technology we rely on in our daily lives. Space weather and sunspots are all part of living near a star.   Edited by Carolyn Collins Petersen

Capital Structure and Global Diversification

Financial leverage tends to be at higher side when business organization borrows huge long term funds from outside stakeholders as compared to their internal funds. Financial leverage or capital gearing denotes use of debt in the business operations. In this case, Facebook Inc and Linked In have been used for the analysis of implication on EPS of higher debt taken. High leverage shows higher amount of debt is obtained for business operations and it also denotes higher interest expenses (Salama and Putnam, 2015). When EBIT is at higher side then EAT will also be at higher side and vice-versa. In this case, both companies has financial leverage and both are geared companies, Facebook Inc has negative EBIT. Degree of financial leverage measures change in EPS when there is increase or decrease in earnings before interest and tax. Three elements of degree of financial leverage are outstanding shares, interest expenses and earnings before interest and tax   (Singh and Faircloth, 2015). Earnings per share are directly related to earnings before interest and tax of the reporting period as it can be analyzed in present case of Facebook Inc and Linked In.   In this case, Facebook is having EPS of ($ 1.29) because its EBIT is in negative also i.e. ($ 150,942,000). On the other hand, EPS of Linked In is $ 1.31 and its EBIT is $ 6,225,000,000. This shows that EPS of companies is directly related to its EBIT. Salama, F., & Putnam, K. (2015). Accounting conservatism, capital structure, and global diversification. Pacific Accounting Review, 27(1), 119. Singh, M., & Faircloth, S. (2015). The impact of corporate debt on long term investment and firm performance. Applied Economics, 37(8), 875-883.

Promotion Plan for an Indoor Go Kart Track Essay

Promotion Plan for an Indoor Go Kart Track - Essay Example This indoor track with all its latest engineered tracks and karts is one of the finest tracks around. Go karting has been famous among the young people and the main aim would be to attract them. Advertising Printed advertising is the most effective way to reach people. Newspaper is a powerful promotional tool which reaches everyone. Advertising in newspapers is the perfect start to the campaign. It reaches most homes and has the power to attract a lot of youngsters and families. It is hugely popular among the young people since it gives amazing racing environment. A monthly advertising will keep the people interested and make them come back. Advertising will be done when there are any additional features included in the indoor track. Another powerful medium of printed advertising is magazines and journals. A number of popular magazines and journals get printed either weekly or monthly. These magazines are followed by a lot of people and are an important advertising tool. Technical, h ealth, racing and sports magazines are mostly preferred by the younger generation. Targeting these magazines and advertising in them will catch the eye of many. Discount coupons and free first ride offer will be printed along with the advertising in newspapers and magazines. Our new technology karts will be highlighted in the newspapers and magazines and the DP4 kart being the latest of all. ... With the advancements in technologies, it has become easier to reach people whenever and wherever possible. Internet and Email have now become a common medium for communication. Sending mails which highlights the features of the indoor event will attract first time customers. Emails can be sent to retain and enhance customer relationship by notifying via mails when new features are introduced and inviting them. Internet with millions of web pages is the hub for majority of people in the world. Attractive videos and images of the tracks, races conducted and the location will grab the attention of users. Videos displayed on websites related to racing, sports, games and even search engines will help in showcasing its features. Advertising on the web during live broadcasting of racing events, sports and streaming channels will get the interest of a major lot. Outdoor advertising is one another powerful promotional tool. Images of the latest karts or the upcoming races will be pasted on t he billboards to attract people. The logo of Go karts of Bowie along with its tag line â€Å"Fun on wheels† will be displayed on the internet, newspapers, magazines and bus boards to enhance reputation. Marketing collateral Marketing collateral is a term used for printed materials used to present information about your business and its capabilities, products or services (smallbusinessnotes.com). These can include brochures, flyers, charts and business cards. A personal business card is a must which will reveal our identity. It will highlight the attributes of the indoor go kart along with its whereabouts. These are used to share with people during social events, parties or during formal introductions. Brochures contents range from a wide

Critically discuss why a clinical trial protocol is essential in Essay

Critically discuss why a clinical trial protocol is essential in clinical trials - Essay Example Therefore, clinical trial protocols are crucial tools that contribute to efficiency in clinical trials. One argument that supports clinical trial protocols is that it allows for quality of service within the area of clinical practice. Since clinical trial protocols are expertly prepared, they provide guidance on how tests should be conducted. Additionally, protocols provide safety precautions details that help professional from suffering from any damages (Chow & Liu, 2014). For instance, a person testing a dangerous gas is required to have a mask and safety goggles to ensure that they do not come to any harm. Therefore, such protocols eliminate negligence which could as much as life of patients or staff. Lack of standard protocols would lead to subjectivity as various staffs use different approaches to conduct trial (Wang & Bakhai, 2006). On this ground, protocols are quality and safety assurance tools that cannot be neglected within clinical professional practice. Secondly, a standard trial protocol simplifies the work of researchers especially when trial is long and requires a collaborative approach. Since the protocols are well arrange from one stage to the next, it is possible for different groups in a multi-center to pick various sections of the trial and implement them independently (Bradburn et al., 2010). This makes work easier without introducing errors within the trial. Since each group works on particular portions, it is clear that their results can be well combined with those of other centers to come up with a conclusive trial. This is something that would rather be difficult if there was not standard procedure for conducting clinical trials. However, the opponent of clinical trial protocols note that trials are subject to the opinions of the person conduction them, and hence protocols do not assure that there is quality. Reading the results is subject to a person’s view, which may vary

The attitudes of upper-classed people Essay Example for Free

The attitudes of upper-classed people Essay These statements suggest to the audience that Sheila feels responsible for the death of Eva Smith, as she caused Eva to lose a very stable job. The attitudes of upper-classed people at this time, was of power and greed for their own self-confidence, with little respect for lower classed citizens. The lower class were seen as cheap labour, at the service of more important people, which Sheila realised after her interrogation. Gerald Croft, the future son-in-law of the prosperous Mr. Birling, is the next character to reveal his revelation in the death of Eva Smith, but Gerald hides his part in the contact between himself and the young girl, denying he knew this girl, as of the case with Mr. Birling. The Inspector reveals that Eva Smith changed her name to Daisy Renton, which caused Gerald to respond with a startled manner. This response creates dramatic effect within the audience, as the audience convey that Gerald may be responsible also for the death of Eva Smith, creating tension for the characters revelation. Gerald is not open to confess his ordeal with Daisy Renton, denying he had any contact with another women, but Sheila pressurised Gerald to confess due to his startled response. Sheila uses the fact that Gerald did not come into contact with her for several weeks, as he used his business as a cover to see Daisy Renton, instead of his fiance. Gerald confesses to the other characters that he was involved with Daisy Renton, as he met her within the stalls at the Palace bar, in a situation with an unpleasant character named Joe Meggarty. Gerald offered Daisy Renton an escape from this character, with free accommodation in a friends apartment which he was looking after, for a couple of months. This meeting created an involved relationship between these two characters, as Gerald provided her with a strong, reliable source of money and lodgings, with spare time and affection which made Eva feel special, as she believed she had found the perfect man.  I became at once the most important person in her life-you understand? This comment from Gerald creates a sense of misleading on his behalf, as the audience can piece together that Gerald may have been using her loneliness, as a chance to give into temptation, before he was married to Sheila. Geralds involvement in the death of Eva Smith, is a lot more complicated compared to the other characters revelations, as he provided Eva with a new life, but he also used Eva as his mistress, ending the relationship when it suited himself, degrading Evas confidence with the end of the relationship. I didnt feel about her as she felt about me  This comment suggests to the audience that Gerald had no intention of having a long-term relationship with Eva, using her for passion and lust, as a last fling before he got married.  The Inspector reveals that Eva had recorded a statement in her diary, which revealed that she believed Gerald Croft was the right man, with the end of the relationship as the end of her life. The Inspector reveals:  She felt thered never be anything as good again for her  This comment could suggest to the audience, that Gerald was one of the main reasons for the suicide of Eva Smith, as she felt life could never be as happy again without Gerald, causing her to take her own life when life issues continued to go wrong. Eric, the son of the wealthy Mr. Birling, is one of the first characters to be suspected in the involvement of Eva Smiths death, as the audience notice Erics involuntarily response to the Inspectors comment, as a dramatic quality within the drama, as his shocked response displays a link between this investigation.  (Act One)(involuntarily) My God!  This is linked to the anxiety within Eric, as explained in the first part of the essay, as the audience piece together Erics involvement due to his reactions, before his interrogation. Eric first became involved with Eva, at a meeting at the palace bar in the intention of hiring a prostitute. The use of a prostitute at this time was seen as a dreadful sin, an action which would not suit the attitude of the Upper-Class. Eric was under the influence of alcohol when he confronted Eva at the Palace Bar, he used his power and immature attitude to force himself on Eva, creating a short relationship between these two characters. Eric met Eva by appointment, finally becoming Erics mistress, she fell pregnant with Erics baby. This creates a dramatic quality within the play, as Eva is linked to Eric more strongly than any of the other characters, as she was carrying the Birlings grandchild. The audience first examine the fact that Eva was pregnant with Erics child, as she seeks help to a charity committee, which is chaired by Mrs. Birling. Priestly uses the device of dramatic Irony within this confrontation, as the audience know Eva has been in contact with Eric, as she seeks help in a pregnant state. This link between Mrs. Birling and the involvement with Eric, suggests to the audience that Eva is carrying Erics child, a situation which Mrs. Birling would not approve of, in the view of her son. Eric provided Eva with a source of money, as what Gerald Croft had done, but this source was stolen from his fathers business funds, as an attempt to provide Eva with a stable financial background. This factor suggests that Eric cared for Eva, as he tried to support her with the stability and power which he held as a son of a prosperous business man, he did not deceive Eva. Eva ended the relationship, as she found out that Eric had stolen the money, Eric did not let Eva down so the audience feel sympathy for Eric, as he was displaying care for Evas welfare. The blame for Eva Smiths death does not fall on Erics involvement on a large scale, as he tried to support Eva through his wealthy background, to try to resolve his immature input. Mrs. Birling, the wife of Mr. Birling and the mother of Sheila and Eric, finds herself included in the revelation of the death of Eva Smith, as the Inspector reveals to the audience that Eva seeked help to the charity chaired by Mrs. Birling, as Mrs. Birling turned Eva away, due to her prejudiced attitude of the Lower-Class. Mrs. Birling denied her part in the revelation, at the start of the interrogation, with a paranoid response to the Inspectors photograph of Eva Smith.  No. Why should I?  This response from Mrs. Birling suggests to the audience that she is included in the revelation, as her paranoid feelings reveal an un-easy conscience. Mrs. Birling rejected Eva Smiths claim for charity purposes, as Eva addressed herself as Mrs. Birling, which caused Mrs. Birling to reject her claim. This rejection of the claim was caused by Mrs. Birling jumping to conclusions, as she did not analyse the full facts of why Eva Smith needed a charity claim. Mrs. Birling believed her family were the most important part of the society, as she was self-centred around a perfect family, Eva Smith was using the Birling name without respect, causing Mrs. Birling to take action. I think it was simply a piece of gross impertinence-quite deliberate  Mrs. Birling used her views on what should happen to the man involved with Eva Smith, as a contradiction to her views of her own family, as Eric is the man which was involved with the pregnancy of Eva Smith. This is used as a dramatic quality within the play, as Mrs. Birling uses her views to place a verdict on the man, which is known to the audience as Eric. Priestly has used this as dramatic irony, as Sheila tries to persuade her mother not to continue with her statement, Certainly. And he ought to be dealt with very severely-  (Sheila with sudden alarm)- Mother-Stop-Stop!  This statement suggests that Mrs. Birling feels strongly for the punishment of the young man, but she does not realise it is her own son who was involved, with her grandchilds life at risk. The audience convey that Mrs. Birling believes punishment is fit for the young man involved, but she would not punish her own son in this way, creating a one-sided view from Mrs. Birling. In conclusion, I believe Mrs. Birling has the majority of the responsibility for the death of Eva Smith, as she refused a charity claim, which could have prevented Eva from taking her own life, and the death of the Birlings grandchild. Mrs. Birling was the last person to come into contact with Eva Smith, which could have been the main reason for her suicide action, but all the revelations of the characters could have caused emotional pain for Eva, with the responsibility held on all five characters. The characters revelations were caused for different reasons, as the male characters used their power as influential men of society, to use greed and power as a main factor. The female characters used their status as upper-classed women, to use their power over lower-classed people, in an act of revenge and jealousy. The comfort that the audience have when leaving the theatre, is that both Sheila and Eric have learnt from the revelations which caused the death of Eva Smith, unlike Mr. Birling and Mrs. Birling, who feel that their responsibility is not to blame for the suicide of Eva. The audience take on board that the characters are all to blame for the death of Eva Smith, with their own opinion on who is most to blame for the death of this young women.

Three Lonely Outcasts :: Free Essay Writer

Three Lonely Outcasts In Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck almost all of the characters are ranch hands and they are solitary wanderers. They live very lonely, solitary lives, drifting from one ranch to another. They don?t make many friends and they don?t make much money. There are three characters on the ranch who are the lonliest of the lonely because they are also outcasts or misfits who don?t fit in with what is considered ?normal? by the other ranch hands. Lennie is an outcast because he is retarded, Crooks is an outcast because he is black, and Curley?s wife is an outcast because she is a woman. These three outcasts look for companionship throughout the novel. First, Lennie is a lonely outcast because he is retarded. One of the reasons he doesn?t fit in with the other ranch hands is because he doesn?t always understand what people are talking about. He doesn?t even always understand George. Lennie admits this when Crooks says to him, ?Sometimes he talks and and you don?t know what the hell he?s talkin? about.? (Steinbeck,77). But Lennie always needs companionship. He is never alone, even if he has a dead mouse or a puppy with him. George would sometimes punish Lenny by not letting him tend to the rabbits on the ranch. And Lennie?s biggest fear is of being abandoned by George: He won?t do it,? Lennie cried. ?George wouldn?t do nothing like that. I been with George a long time. He?ll come back tonight But the doubt was too much for him.? (Steinbeck,78). The second lonely outcast is Curley?s wife. The other ranch hands stay away from her because she is a woman and because she is the wife of the boss? son. Also, even though her husband is very jealous, she is so lonely that she tries to get attention from the ranch hands, which makes Curley even angrier and more jealous. She is like the outcast of the outcasts. One night, when everyone else is away from the ranch, Lennie and Candy are in Crooks? room. Even though it is just the three ?. . . weak ones here? (Steinbeck,84), when Curley?s wife is lonely and wants to join them, they won?t let her: ?Maybe you better go along to your own house now.

Peace Like A River REACTION Paper

Trust God Peace Like a River, By Leaf Anger is about how miracles can work throughout your life. The book displays examples of hardship that God guides the Land family through. They turn to God and have faith during the worst times, and they remember that He has already taken care of all of their problems before they even happen. One example of God intervening is when Jeremiah, the school Janitor, hears chaos in the locker room.He then goes into to see his son's girlfriend, Dolly, getting bullied by Israel Finch and Tommy Abacas. Jeremiah stops the boys from hurting Dolly and beats the two boys for touching her. But the problem escalates when Swede Land, Jeremiahs young daughter starts to get physically abused by the two young boys. Finch and Abacas begin to blow the issue out of proportion, and soon enough, Dad gives warnings to the boys that he will take the matter into his own hands.One night Dad lures the two boys onto the Land family's property when he begins to shoot at Israel Finch and Tommy Abacas. After all of the things Israel Finch and Tommy Abacas had done, Dad goes to court he learns that world Is Judged unfairly and the only hooch He has is to break out of Jail, facing his entire life paying the price for the mistake, he made by protecting his family by not getting the law Involved by the beginning of the entire Incident.In my opinion Dad should not be punished for his mistake for the rest of his life. The town did not take the Incident seriously; they should have given the boys warnings. If anything the law should have been Judged fairly. But I also realize that, the mistakes you make during your youth can affect your entire life big or small. It makes a huge Impact on your life. So be careful on the hoicks you make no matter how old you get. Live life by getting to know God better and have faith In him to move mountains.Peace Like A River Paper By Gamekeepers had done, Dad goes to court he learns that world is Judged unfairly and the only mistak e, he made by protecting his family by not getting the law involved by the beginning of the entire incident. His mistake for the rest of his life. The town did not take the incident seriously; they entire life big or small. It makes a huge impact on your life. So be careful on the and have faith in him to move mountains.

Trueblood Case

SUBJECT: Deciding the Appropriate Extent of Audit Performed for Billy’s Beats for Asset Valuation Billy’s Beats Inc. , an SEC registrant, is a new audit client with a fiscal year-end of December 31, 2010. Billy’s is a manufacturer of musical instruments. Billy’s acquired Little Drummer Boy Inc. in 2010 for $575 million in cash. Significant assets acquired included property, plant, and equipment totaling $865 million and other assets totaling $145 million. The useful lives assigned to the property, plant, and equipment acquired were 30 years for the plant and 15 years for the equipment.The useful lives for the plant and equipment already owned by Billy’s are 20 years and 10 years. Other included assets of acquired customer lists, were assigned a useful life of 15 years. To test the useful lives of the operating assets, the engagement team asked management why the number of years assigned to the plant and equipment acquired differed from the years ass igned to the assets which Billy’s had already owned. Management stated that the useful lives for the acquired assets were the amounts used by Little Drummer before the acquisition.The engagement team discussed the useful lives of the acquired property, plant, and equipment with the plant manager of Little Drummer. The plant manager stated that 30 years and 15 years for the plant and the equipment, respectively, were the useful lives used before the acquisition. This discussion was documented in the audit working papers. The valuation specialist allocated the plant fair value of $865 million to each asset class based on the percentage of the seller’s total original cost applicable to each asset class. These percentages were provided by management of Little Drummer and relied on by the valuation specialist.The engagement team compared the percentage of total costs to a client prepared spreadsheet listing each asset class, asset ID, and percentage of total cost. No errors were noted and, accordingly, no further testing of the client-prepared spreadsheet was performed by the engagement team. In addition to its drum manufacturing business, Billy’s also wholly owns RockOut Inc. , which is the largest manufacturer of guitars in the United States. RockOut grew through the acquisition of other guitar companies and completed five acquisitions durng 2012, eight acquisitions during 2009, and four acquisitions during 2008.As a result of the acquisitions, RockOut reported approximately $90 million, which was 15 percent of total assets and 60 percent of total intangible assets, of customer lists as of December 31, 2010. RockOut amortizes its customer lists on a straight-line basis over 25 years, which management believes reflects the pattern in which the economic benefits of the customer lists are used up. During 2010, management revised its estimate of the customer list economic life, and began assigning an amortization period of 15 years to newly acqui red national customer lists.Amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2010, was $3 million. To test the economic lives of the customer lists, the engagement team asked management what the reasoning was for the change in the assumed economic life this year. Management provided a memorandum that discussed the rationale for using the 25-year economic life to amortize the various customer lists, as well as the rationale for the current-year change in management’s estimate of the newly acquired national customer lists lives.According to IAS 16, The cost of an item of property, plant and equipment comprises, its purchase price, including import duties and non-refundable purchase taxes, after deducting trade discounts and rebates, any costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management, and the initial estimate of the costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located, the obligation for which an entity incurs either when the item is acquired or as a consequence of having used the item during a particular period for purposes other than to produce inventories during that period. Because this in not how the company decided on the value and useful lives of the assets in question they should have follows IAS 36 to determine if there was an impairment. The audit procedures for determining if there was a valuation problem could also be addressed using FASB Statement No. 142.

Fighting division with division Professor Ramos Blog

Fighting division with division The forefathers of The United States of America have been hailed for the creation of the framework of our government. In 1887, The Constitution of the United States was created. More specifically, Americans of all political followings and backgrounds would likely recognize the first ten amendments of our Constitution, being the Bill of Rights, to be the foundation of the freedoms and rights that are guaranteed to us as Americans. The first amendment of our Constitution states the freedom of speech and religion without fear of persecution. In modern America, one of the ways we’ve used the first amendment was to speak out against or in support of the second amendment, which states, â€Å"†¦the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed† (US Constitution). Many still argue that it remains relevant, being created with the implication of a revolution in the event of a tyrannical uprising, while the opposing would view this to be an outdated amendme nt that has aged badly with the far more advanced firearms that have been made since the 1700s. Firearms have been a centerpiece of American culture, albeit a controversial one as of the last few decades. There are many reasons people would claim ownership of firearms: hunting, home defense, sport, hobby, and for many, to essentially have collateral over potential tyranny. As of recent, the fear of compromise for our second amendment has been growing just as much as the growing fear of firearms. One side calls for stricter legislation of firearms, be it acquisition, sale, and production. Many citizens speak their concern, stating that only certain firearms should be outlawed, and fewer state that firearms should be removed from the civilian population in general, leaving only military personnel and law enforcement to be the only part of the population that would be armed. While many pro-gun groups exist, one that stands out, having a strong influence on the people and government is the National Rifle Association. The NRA has received a lot of mixed feelings as a whole, especial ly towards the turn of the 20th century and into. When any sort of violent acts occur that involve firearms, they tend to hold a defensive stance with the general ownership of them.    In 2016, the NRA’s YouTube channel posted a short, one-minute video, expressing a descriptive and anger-driven message to the public, stating that individuals who inhabit the media regurgitate their message that only insults the credibility of the current presidency, as well as the followers. The speaker continues, stating that the violence and backlash we see so commonly on mainstream media, as well as the implication of open and righteous inequality our current presidency, is all a facade, drawn up by those who only wish to further a divide, in order to create chaos. With such chaos, would usher in action to make a hasty change that would result in the call for government intervention; to remove our freedom to bear arms. In the wake of Donald Trump’s presidency, he and his followers were hailed as bullies and a hateful group of followers, which drew a heavy divide between voters, many times resulting in violence between the opposing-minded. She states that even the pr evious president, who was Barack Obama, has continued to show a distaste and has spread resentment of the phobias the current administration had been accused of harboring. Within the video, showed footage of protest, violence, and symbols of the people who strive for the disarming of the people with the continual division of Americans. For Conservative Americans, it is implied that the right to bear arms is our collateral, in the case of a tyrannical uprising, giving Americans the chance to fight to ensure the integrity of the Constitution for the people. This sentiment has been criticized by Liberal voters, who Conservatives believe are being persuaded to respond with resistance. â€Å"†¦until the only option left, is for the police to do their jobs, and stop the madness†¦ they’ll use it as an excuse for their outrage† (NRATV, 00:32 – 00:42). This quote I’ve taken from this video has undoubtedly given me the seemingly inarguable belief that this is a video that is meant to play on fear, using conspiracies or unlikely circumstances to get the people riled up, and to stand up against those who speak about firearms legislations that would be seemingly built on false pretenses. It also openly shuns those who have expressed issues and figures that left-leaning Americans tend to follow, such as the radicalization of the left being endorsed by Obama and Hollywood and the seemingly taunting message to Liberal followers, that the police would simply be doing their jobs by quelling such a divide, blatantly and almost tauntingly humanizing the position of law enforcement, despite law enforcement being the potential agency to an impl ied confiscation of firearms, even though they have been the center of attention for increased awareness of police brutality and unjust killing in the eyes of many Democrat voters. This seems to have also given the impression that even those who are left-leaning firearms owners, are not welcome to accepting them as representatives for American gun owners, taking favor to only one side who holds only the same beliefs as them, and that they also seem to be for a division, despite speaking against those groups who they believe are causing this same division.    While the NRA to a large portion of American gun owners have been a symbol of representation, the political climate since the previous election has brought about such toxicity on both ends, that the NRA has began to willingly disregard any other owners of firearms who do not share the same beliefs, with this video appealing to conservative gun owners by stating that the implied Liberal media is in control, and that gun owners need to buckle down, as though a revolution would soon occur. Though the video seems to place blame on the left, and especially Barack Obama, the previous presidency has actually yielded little restriction towards lawful gun owners. In a town hall meeting on a PBS Newshour special, Obama was asked a question regarding the restriction of firearms, and why him and other leftist leaders have push for furthered gun control. While it is common for many to believe that Democrats consistently push for gun control legislation, he states in this PBS special that his intent was never to force Americans to relinquish their rights, or to take away from citizens, further stating that more firearms have actually been sold during his leadership than any other presidency. Throughout the eight-year span of Obama’s two-term presidency, much of the criticism he received was from the NRA and many of its followers. Many of the videos within the NRA’s YouTube channel sends similar messages, stating that we as Americans should stand in solidarity, to stop voting in those who speak for any sort of legislation regarding firearms. Myself being an owner, trained, and with understanding of firearms, I personally find a lot of the rhetoric and over-exaggeration to be counterproductive in their stance as being representatives for gun owners across the country. As someone who owns firearms, I stand by the statement also that the very thing we as Americans should worry about, are not the weapons themselves, but the people wielding them. Although the NRA seems to convey safety to being a priority in ownership, I believe that we as gun owners have a responsibility to being behind legislation that would limit the sale of firearms to those who are ailed by certain mental health problems, those who do not have any sort of knowledge on firearms or weapons safety, and those who are unfit to handle the responsibility of ownership in general. I believe that there is a middle ground between gun owners and those who are against it, but the NRA seems to use a high position to speak against opposed-believing leaders in such a seemingly conspiracy-driven manner, which takes away from their credibility, making it less productive than it would be if they were to instead use their position to educate us on issues regarding safety and potential reasons for ownership that would instead utilize reasoning instead of inciting fear and the very division they speak against. : The Violence of Lies. NRATV, YouTube. 2016 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=169zQ1g-Ul0. Hofstadter, R. America As a Gun Culture. American Heritage. Volume 21, Issue 6. 1970. https://www.americanheritage.com/america-gun-culture Marcus, S. House Passes First Major Gun Control Law in Decades. Reuters. The New York Times. 2019. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/27/us/politics/gun-control-bill.html Why restrict ‘good’ gun owners, resident asks President Obama at town hall. YouTube. PBS NewsHour. 2016. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6imFvSua3Kg Murse, T. List of Obama Gun Control Measures. ThoughtCo. 2019. https://www.thoughtco.com/obama-gun-laws-passed-by-congress-3367595

Construction Legal Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Construction Legal Studies - Essay Example The government has developed the Joints Contract Tribunal (JCT) forms and representatives RIBA, which covers a wide range of topics in the construction of a building. There are forms that assist all parties involved in determining the price cost, lump sum, agreements between employer and builder, the construction of streets, additional provisions, etc. These forms are very detailed and if followed, will make the project easier, more manageable, and more acceptable to all. This will result in fewer risks of liabilities. If the employer abides by the Standard Form of Contract and follows his/her duties as listed, he/she will find that all will be more efficient. The architect, Clerk of Works, and others are specialists in their specific field and know better how to perform these duties. Therefore, the employer does not have to take on these responsibilities, will not what to do and what not to do, and will also know what his/her rights are in the case that the contractor becomes bankrupt. Finally, the employer will be less liable should a situation arise. The Joints Contract Tribunal (JCT) forms lay out the architect’s instructions and he must abide by the guidelines, which are set forth in Clause 4.1 of the form. To keep each other accountable, determinations by the employer and contractor are listed in complete details on Forms 27 and 28. The building contract should lay out all the roles, responsibilities, and rights of each and every employer and employee. ... If the employer abides by the Standard Form of Contract and follows his/her duties as listed, he/she will find that all will be more efficient. The architect, Clerk of Works, and others are specialists in their specific field and know better how to perform these duties. Therefore, the employer does not have to take on these responsibilities, will not what to do and what not to do, and will also know what his/her rights are in the case that the contractor becomes bankrupt. Finally, the employer will be less liable should a situation arise. The Joints Contract Tribunal (JCT) forms lay out the architect's instructions and he must abide by the guidelines, which are set forth in Clause 4.1 of the form. To keep each other accountable, determinations by the employer and contractor are listed in complete details on Forms 27 and 28. The building contract should lay out all the roles, responsibilities, and rights of each and every employer and employee. The Architect's instructions should follow the guidelines as listed in the JCT. The same applies for Architects 1 and 2 as should also apply for Employers 1, 2, and 3. All has been presented and laid out in JCT and if Construction Legal Studies 3 followed precisely whilst adding specific details pertaining to the specific project and staff. Another avenue to take in order to insure that the on-site construction is managed effectively to avoid problems is be familiar with the occasions that require the issuance of a certificate. Legal Studies (2002) lists the matters that require certificates to be issued: a. Practical Completion of the Works. (17.1) b. On making good defects. (17.4) c. Damage by frost due to injury which took place before the practical

The Possible Product and Service of Zappos com Case Study

The Possible Product and Service of Zappos com - Case Study Example It is essential to determine that such a strategy in any way contributed to the success in shoes or whether it would be able to replicate the success in other product lines. It is also fundamental to determine how the company could scale the business with revenues of tens of billions. Moreover, the major effort of the company was to â€Å"wow† its customers by providing with maximum customer satisfaction. The market faced a hard situation as the economic scenario varied dramatically in late 2008, together with financial market collapsing and recession. Unlike the other many websites selling at the lower price during the period, the service-intensive company’s business was based on sales at the little discount or no discount. Evaluating the competencies o the organization would enable us to understand the chain issues and other critical elements to company’s success. Zappos always strives to foster a culture that understands the impact of working capital on the profitability of the firm. The process of decision making and the daily activities of the firm must be carried out on the basis of working capital management analysis. The company manages the decision making through a cross-functional communication system. The decision making is used to drive and maximize the working capital performance of the firm. Zappos.com also has already developed a training program to impart working capital management principles into practice. The management team utilizes the decision-making process to integrate capital management into the fabric of organizational culture. In the same way, the process of decision making in the routine activities reveals the glowing significance of cash management. It helps the management in all forms of risk management within the firm. The organization takes record of the important decision and measures taken by the management team.